DETERMINAN KEMATIAN BAYI DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN ANALISIS DATA SKI 2023
DETERMINANTS OF INFANT MORTALITY IN INDONESIA: AN ANALYSIS OF 2023 SKI DATA
Abstract
Berdasarkan hasil Long Form SP2020 Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) di Indonesia mencapai 16,85 per 1000 kelahiran hidup dan angka tersebut masih belum mencapai target SDG’s di tahun 2030 yaitu 12 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kematian bayi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan sekunder berupa data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 yang kemudian dilakukan analisis lanjutan. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, serta multivariat. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa proporsi kematian bayi mencapai 2,6%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kematian bayi di Indonesia yaitu status pekerjaan ibu (p-value = 0,000 POR = 2,64 95%CI : 1,72-4,06), usia ibu (p-value = 0,003 POR = 1,88 95%CI : 1.23 – 2.86), jarak kelahiran (p-value = 0,022 POR = 2,08 95%CI : 1.01 – 3.94), pendidikan ibu (p-value = 0,004 POR = 1,86 95%CI : 1,21-2,84), sosial ekonomi (p-value = 0,000 POR = 5,47 95%CI : 3,47 – 8,63), komplikasi kehamilan (p-value = 0,000 POR = 2,18 95%CI : 1,41-3,39), penolong persalinan (p-value = 0,000 POR = 3,37 95%CI : 1,71-6,62) dan kunjungan ANC (p-value = 0,015 POR = 1,69 95%CI : 1,10 – 2,60). Faktor yang tidak berhubungan dengan kematian bayi meliputi jaminan kesehatan dan tempat tinggal. Faktor dominan dengan kematian bayi yakni sosial ekonomi setelah dikontrol oleh variabel status pekerjaan, usia ibu, jarak kelahiran, pendidikan ibu, komplikasi kehamilan, penolong persalinan dan kunjungan ANC.
Kata kunci: Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB), Determinan, Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI)
Based on the results of the 2020 Long Form Population Census (SP2020), the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia reached 16.85 per 1,000 live births—still above the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of 12 per 1,000 live births by 2030. This study uses secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), which was subjected to further analysis. Data analysis was carried out univariately, bivariately, and multivariately. The results showed that the proportion of infant mortality was 2.6%. Factors significantly associated with infant mortality included maternal employment status (p-value = 0.000 POR = 2.64 95%CI: 1.72-4.06), maternal age (p-value = 0.003 POR = 1.88 95%CI: 1.23 – 2.86), birth spacing (p-value = 0.022 POR = 2.08 95%CI: 1.01 - 3.94), maternal education (p-value = 0.004 POR = 1.86 95%CI: 1.21-2.84), socio-economic (p-value = 0.000 POR = 5.47 95%CI: 3.47 – 8.63), pregnancy complications (p-value = 0.000 POR = 2.18 95%CI: 1.41-3.39), birth attendant (p-value = 0.000 POR = 3.37 95%CI: 1.71-6.62) and ANC visits (p-value = 0.015 POR = 1.69 95%CI: 1.10 – 2.60). Factors not related to infant mortality include health insurance and residence. The dominant factor in infant mortality is socio-economic after being controlled by the variables of employment status, maternal age, birth spacing, maternal education, pregnancy complications, birth attendants, and ANC visits.
Keywords: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Determinants, Indonesian Health Survey (IHS)
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ainna Rahmini, Adelina Fitri, Helmi Suryani Nasution, Muhammad Syukri, Ismi Nurwaqiah Ibnu

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