ASUPAN PROTEIN BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA SISWI SMAN 11 MEDAN

PROTEIN INTAKE IS RELATED TO THE INCIDENT OF ANEMIA IN STUDENTS OF SMAN 11 MEDAN

Abstract

Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) merupakan jenis anemia yang paling umum terjadi pada remaja perempuan dibandingkan kelompok umur lainnya. ADB dipengaruhi berbagai faktor seperti sosioekonomi, sosiodemografi, kondisi fisiologis dan patologis, pola makan, serta asupan zat gizi termasuk protein. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara asupan protein dan kejadian anemia pada siswi SMA Negeri 11 Medan dengan mengontrol variabel sosiodemografi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang pada 68 orang siswi SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Data asupan protein (g/hari) dikumpulkan menggunakan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), sedangkan data kejadian anemia diperoleh melalui pengukuran kadar hemoglobin darah kapiler. Data karakteristik sosiodemografi dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Uji beda Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik responden, sedangkan regresi logistik kerangka konsep etiologik digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan protein dan kejadian anemia dengan dan tanpa pengontrolan variabel karakteristik sosiodemografi. Semua analisis dianggap bermakna jika nilai p<0,05. Asupan protein (g/hari) responden yang mengalami anemia signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan siswa yang tidak mengalami anemia (p<0,05). Karakteristik sosiodemografi tidak berbeda signifikan antara responden yang mengalami anemia dan tidak anemia (p>0,05). Asupan protein berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kejadian anemia sebagai faktor protektif pada siswi kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Medan, baik sebelum maupun setelah pengontrolan dengan variabel sosiodemografi. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya mencukupi asupan protein untuk mencegah anemia pada remaja.

Kata kunci: Anemia, Asupan Protein, Hemoglobin, Remaja, SQ-FFQ

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent type of anemia in adolescent girls compared to other age groups. ADB is influenced by various factors such as socioeconomic, sociodemographic, physiological, and pathological conditions, diet, and nutritional intake, including protein. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between protein intake and the incidence of anemia in female students at SMA Negeri 11 Medan by controlling for sociodemographic variables. This study used a cross-sectional design on 68 SMA Negeri 11 Medan female students. Protein intake (g/day) was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), while the incidence of anemia was obtained by measuring capillary blood hemoglobin levels. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected through interviews using a questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze differences in respondent characteristics. In contrast, logistic regression within the etiological concept framework was used to explore the relationship between protein intake and the incidence of anemia with and without controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. All analyses were considered significant if the p-value <0.05. Those with anemia consumed considerably less protein (g/day) than those without anemia (p < 0.05). The sociodemographic characteristics of anemic and non-anemic subjects did not significantly differ from one another (p > 0.05). Protein intake was a protective factor against anemia in female class XI students at SMA Negeri 11 Medan before and after considering sociodemographic characteristics. These findings emphasize the importance of adequate protein intake to prevent adolescent anemia.

Keywords: Adolescent, Anemia, Hemoglobin, Protein Intake, SQ-FFQ