GAMBARAN MORFOLOGI ERITROSIT PENDERITA MALARIA DI PUSKESMAS HAMADI KOTA JAYAPURA PAPUA TAHUN 2023
ERYTHROCYTES MORPHOLOGY OF PATIENTS WITH MALARIA IN HAMADI COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, JAYAPURA, PAPUA, 2023
Abstract
Malaria adalah penyakit akut atau kronis yang disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium yang menyebabkan demam, anemia, dan splenomegali. Hiperlisis sel darah merah yang terjadi pada pasien malaria menyebabkan anemia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengamati ukuran, warna, dan bentuk eritrosit penderita malaria. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Hamadi dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan di Jayapura. Sebanyak 100 sampel dipilih secara accidental sampling untuk pemeriksaan malaria. Sampel darah diambil melalui pembuluh darah kapiler dan dibuat sediaan darah tebal dan tipis dengan pewarnaan Giemsa 3%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 48 pasien positif malaria dengan jenis parasit antara lain Plasmodium vivax (42%), Plasmodium falcifarum (35%) dan Plasmodium malariae (19%). Pemeriksaan morfologi eritrosit dari 48 sampel positif malaria memperlihatkan 46 sampel (96%) memiliki ukuran normositer, 40 sampel (83%) berwarna hipokrom, dan sebagian besar berbentuk akantosit (59%) dan sel target (31%). Hasil penelitian menyiratkan bahwa penderita malaria di Puskesmas Hamadi sebagian besar mengalami perubahan morfologi eritrosit pada warna (hipokrom) dan bentuk (akantosit dan sel target), namun tidak pada ukurannya. Perubahan bentuk eritrosit (akantosit dan sel target) mungkin terkait dengan kondisi kesehatan lain atau komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi.
Kata kunci: Anemia, Malaria, Morfologi Eritrosit, Plasmodium
Malaria is an acute or chronic disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which leads to fever, anemia, and splenomegaly. The hydrolysis of red blood cells in malaria patients results in anemia. This study aims to observe malaria patients' erythrocyte size, color, and shape. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Hamadi Community Health Center and the Microbiology Laboratory of the Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health in Jayapura. A total of 100 samples were selected through accidental sampling for malaria examination. Blood samples were taken from capillary blood vessels and prepared as thick and thin blood smears stained with 3% Giemsa. The results showed that 48 patients tested positive for malaria with the following parasite distribution: Plasmodium vivax (42%), Plasmodium falciparum (35%), and Plasmodium malariae (19%). The examination of erythrocyte morphology in 48 positive malaria samples revealed that 46 samples (96%) had normocytic size, 40 samples (83%) were hypochromic, and most were acanthocytes (59%) and target cells (31%). The findings suggest that malaria patients at the Hamadi Community Health Center predominantly experience changes in erythrocyte morphology in terms of color (hypochromia) but not size. The observed changes in erythrocyte shape (acanthocytes and target cells) may be associated with other health conditions or potential complications.
Keywords: Anemia, Erythrocyte Morphology, Malaria, Plasmodium
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