KAITAN ASPEK SOSIODEMOGRAFI ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES (STUDI CROSS-SECTIONAL PADA RA/TK ARRISALAH KOTA PADANG)

PARENTAL SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT RA/TK ARRISALAH, PADANG CITY

Abstract

Proporsi masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Indonesia pada kelompok usia 3-4 tahun sebesar 42.7% dan pada kelompok usia 5 tahun sebesar 56.8%. Prevalensi Early Childhood Caries (ECC) di Kota Padang pada anak usia 2-3 tahun masih tinggi yaitu 72.9%, dengan rata-rata pengalaman karies 3-4 gigi tiap anak. Perilaku orang tua mengabaikan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak usia dini (dental neglect) berdampak semakin tingginya angka penyakit gigi dan mulut anak usia dini, salah satunya adalah Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Faktor sosiodemografi seperti pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, serta keikutsertaan dalam program jaminan kesehatan ditemukan mempunyai hubungan tidak langsung terhadap perilaku kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan faktor sosiodemografi orang tua dengan kejadian Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2025 dengan desain studi analitik dan pendekatan cross-sectional, Pengambilan sampel memakai teknik purpossive sampling sebanyak 54 anak usia dini  yang bersekolah di RA/TK Arrisalah Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang. Variabel Sosiodemografi diukur melalui kuesioner dan variabel ECC diukur dengan melakukan pemeriksaan intra oral anak usia dini memakai indeks def-t.  Data hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan uji Chi-Square. Hasil analisa ditemukan karakteristik sosiodemografi orang tua didominasi oleh pendidikan tinggi, pekerjaan dengan status sedang, pendapatan dengan kategori mampu dan memiliki jaminan kesehatan. Skor def-t anak usia dini rata-rata 6.81±4.794 dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan dan status jaminan kesehatan orang tua dengan status karies anak usia dini (P>0.05).

Kata kunci: Anak Usia Dini, Early Childhood Caries (ECC), Orang Tua, Sosiodemografi

The proportion of dental and oral health problems in Indonesia was 42.7% among children aged 3-4 years and 56.8% among children aged 5 years. The prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among children aged 2-3 years in Padang City remains high at 72.9%, with an average caries experience of 3-4 teeth per child. Parental neglect of oral health care in early childhood (dental neglect) contributes to the increasing prevalemce of dental and oral diseases among young children, one of which is Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Sociodemographic factors such as education, occupation, income, and participation in health insurance programs have been reported to have an indirect association with health behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parental sociodemographic factors and the incidence of  Early Childhood Caries (ECC). The study was conducted in February 2025 using an analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique involving 54 children enrolled at RA/TK Arrisalah, Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Sociodemographic variables were measured using questionnaires, while ECC status was assessed through intraoral examinations using the def-t index. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that most parents had a high educational level, moderate employment status, sufficient income, and health insurance coverage. The mean def-t score among children was 6.81±4.794, and no significant relationship was found between parental education, occupation, income, and health insurance status with ECC status among children (P>0.05).  

Keywords: Early Childhood, Early Childhood Caries (ECC), Parents, Sociodemograpic Factors