KEGEMUKAN PADA REMAJA DI JAKARTA: PENGARUH EMOTIONAL EATING, FAST FOOD, AKTIVITAS FISIK, DAN DURASI TIDUR

OVERWEIGHT AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN JAKARTA: THE INFLUENCE OF EMOTIONAL EATING, FAST FOOD CONSUMPTION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND SLEEP DURATION

Abstract

Kegemukan atau gizi berlebih (overweight dan obesitas) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang prevalensinya semakin meningkat termasuk pada kelompok remaja di perkotaan. Jakarta menempati urutan tertinggi kegemukan pada remaja 16-18 tahun (19,2%). Kegemukan terjadi ketika asupan energi yang dikonsumsi melebihi kebutuhan tubuh sehingga menyebabkan penimbunan lemak dan peningkatan berat badan di atas normal. Pola makan tinggi kalori seperti konsumsi fast food yang berlebihan, durasi tidur yang tidak adekuat, perilaku emotional eating, serta rendahnya aktivitas fisik diduga berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya risiko kegemukan pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan konsumsi fast food, durasi tidur, emotional eating, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian gizi berlebih pada remaja di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek berjumlah 97 remaja yang berdomisili di Jakarta. Jumlah tersebut sudah sesuai perhitungan estimasi minimal sampel dengan rumus uji hipotesis dua proporsi Lemeshow. Teknik penarikan subjek menggunakan purpossive sampling. Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ),  Sleeping Time Quesioner (STQ), Physical Activity Level (PAL) recall merupakan instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitiain ini. Analisis statistik Chi Square atau Fisher’s Exact Test digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan variabel independen dengan kejadian kegemukan pada remaja. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, terdapat hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi fast food (p=0,036), persentase kontribusi asupan energi (p=0,020), dan persentase kontribusi asupan lemak (p=0,040) dengan kegemukan. Sementara itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara durasi tidur (p=0,670), emotional eating (p=0,880), dan aktivitas fisik (p=0,997) dengan kegemukan pada remaja. Kesimpulannya, konsumsi fast food dan asupan energi serta lemak berperan dalam peningkatan risiko kegemukan pada remaja. Oleh karena itu, mengontrol frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi fast food sangat penting bagi remaja untuk mencegah kegemukan.

Kata Kunci: Emotional Eating, Fast Food, Durasi Tidur, Kegemukan, Remaja

Overweight and obesity are major public health concerns with increasing prevalence, particularly among adolescents in urban areas. Jakarta has the highest prevalence of overweight among adolescents aged 16–18 years (19.2%). Overweight occurs when energy intake exceeds the body’s requirements, resulting in excessive fat accumulation and weight gain. High-calorie dietary patterns, including excessive fast-food consumption, inadequate sleep duration, emotional eating behaviors, and low levels of physical activity, are suspected contributors to the rising prevalence of overweight among adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the associations between fast-food consumption, sleep duration, emotional eating, and physical activity and the occurrence of overweight among adolescents in Jakarta. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 97 adolescents residing in Jakarta were included, meeting the minimum sample size requirement based on Lemeshow’s two-proportion hypothesis formula. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), Sleeping Time Questionnaire (STQ), and Physical Activity Level (PAL) recall. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The results showed significant associations between the frequency of fast-food consumption (p = 0.036), percentage contribution of energy intake (p = 0.020), and percentage contribution of fat intake (p = 0.040) with overweight status. In contrast, sleep duration (p = 0.670), emotional eating (p = 0.880), and physical activity (p = 0.997) were not significantly associated with overweight. In conclusion, fast-food consumption as well as excessive energy and fat intake contribute to an increased risk of overweight among adolescents. Therefore, regulating both the frequency and portion size of fast-food consumption is essential for overweight prevention in this population.

Keywords: Adolescents, Emotional Eating, Fast Food Consumption, Overweight, Sleep Duration