NILAI RENDEMEN DAN ANALISIS FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK DAUN PECUT KUDA (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis) BERDASARKAN LAMA EKSTRAKSI DENGAN METODE ULTRASONIC ASISSTED EXTRACTION

YIELD AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF "BLUE PORTERWEED” (STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS) LEAF EXTRACT BASED ON EXTRACTION LENGTH USING ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION

Abstract

Pecut kuda adalah tanaman liar yang banyak tumbuh di Indonesia dan masih belum banyak dibudidayakan, meskipun aktivitas antioksidannya sangat tinggi, serta berpeluang sebagai antiinflamasi dan antikanker, namun variasi kondisi lingkungan tumbuh pada  tumbuhan liar, memungkinkan terjadinya perbedaan kandungan kimia. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai rendemen dan komposisi golongan kimia ekstrak daun pecut kuda (EPK) berdasarkan lama ekstraksi hasil ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). Daun pecut kuda diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70% dengan metode UAE pada dua waktu ekstraksi berbeda, yaitu  ekstraksi dengan lama UAE selama 2 jam (EPK-A), dan ekstraksi dengan lama UAE tiap 15 menit selama 2 jam (EPK-B), hasil ekstrak kental yang diperoleh dianalisis fitokimia secara kolorimetri dengan reagen spesifik. Perbedaan nilai rendemen ekstrak dianalisis secara kualitatif.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai  rendemen EPK-A =34,18 % dan EPK-B = 31,56 % sedangkan analisis fitokimia  EPK-A dan EPK-B diperoleh golongan senyawa yang sama, yaitu : alkaloid, fenol, tannin, flavonoid, dan saponin. Perbedaan lama waktu ekstraksi dengan metode UAE dari daun pecut kuda mempengaruhi nilai rendemen EPK, namun tidak berpengaruh pada kandungan kimianya.

Kata kunci: Analisa Fitokimia, Ekstraksi Ultrasonik, Lama Ekstraksi, Rendemen, Stachytarpeta jamaicensis

Horsewhip is a wild plant that grows widely in Indonesia and is still not widely cultivated, even though its antioxidant activity is very high, and has the potential to act as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Still, variations in the environmental conditions in which wild plants grow allow for differences in chemical content. This research aims to determine the yield value and chemical composition of horsewhip leaf extract (EPK) based on ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) time. Horsewhip leaves were extracted using 70% ethanol using the UAE method at two different extraction times, namely extraction with a UAE duration of 2 hours (EPK-A) and extraction with a UAE duration of every 15 minutes for 2 hours (EPK-B), the extract results The viscosity obtained was analyzed phytochemically colorimetrically with specific reagents. Differences in extract yield values ​​were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the yield value of EPK-A = 34.18% and EPK-B = 31.56%. At the same time, phytochemical analysis of EPK-A and EPK-B obtained the same group of compounds, namely alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. The difference in extraction time using the UAE method from horsewhip leaves affects the EPK yield value but does not affect the chemical content.

Keywords: Extraction Time, Phytochemical Analysis, Ultrasonic Extraction, Stachytarpeta jamaicensis, Yield