ASPEK PEMANFAATAN KARTU JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL (JKN) DI FASILITAS KESEHATAN PRIMER
UTILIZATION OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE (JKN) IN THE PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITY
Abstract
Visi Universal Health Coverage (UHC) mencanangkan semua warga Indonesia diharapkan dapat menjadi peserta jaminan kesehatan nasional (JKN). Namun, kompleksitas situasi muncul ketika ditemukan sejumlah warga yang enggan menggunakan kartu JKN saat memeriksakan kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan primer. Sikap ini bisa dipengaruhi oleh faktor predisposisi seperti pendidikan dan pengetahuan sebelumnya mengenai layanan kesehatan, faktor enabling seperti aksesibilitas, serta faktor need yang berkaitan dengan persepsi individu terhadap kondisi kesehatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penggunaan Kartu Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Puskesmas Kota Pinang, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan sampel 108 responden yang terdaftar sebagai peserta JKN yang diperoleh dengan teknik accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner berisikan faktor sosiodemografi, pemanfaatan kartu JKN, pengetahuan, status pekerjaan, jarak tempuh, pendapatan rumah tangga, sikap petugas kesehatan dan keluhan sakit. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan kartu JKN dengan pengetahuan (p=0,019), pendapatan rumah tangga (0,010), sikap petugas kesehatan (p=0,041) dan keluhan sakit (p=0,013). Pihak Puskesmas perlu berkolaborasi dengan BPJS Kesehatan agar dapat memfasilitasi serta mendukung semua kegiatan pelayanan dengan intensifikasi upaya meningkatkan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan seperti pemanfaatan kartu JKN di Puskesmas.
Kata kunci: Kartu Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), Keluhan Penyakit, Pendapatan Keluarga, Pengetahuan, Sikap Petugas
The universal health coverage (UHC) vision expects all Indonesian citizens to become participants in national health insurance (JKN). However, the complexity of the situation emerged when it was discovered that several residents were reluctant to utilize JKN cards when checking their health at primary health facilities. This attitude can be influenced by predisposing factors such as education and previous knowledge about health services, enabling factors such as accessibility and need factors related to the individual's perception of their health condition. This research aims to identify and understand the factors influencing the utilization of the JKN Card at the Kota Pinang Primary Health Center, South Labuhanbatu Regency. This quantitative research used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 108 respondents registered as JKN participants obtained using an accidental sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire containing sociodemographic factors, use of JKN cards, knowledge, employment status, distance traveled, household income, attitude of officers, and complaints of illness. The data was analyzed univariately and bivariately with the chi-square test using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the use of JKN cards and knowledge (p=0.019), family income (0.010), officer attitudes (p=0.041 ), and disease complaints (p=0.013). The Primary health centers, which collaborate with BPJS Kesehatan, must facilitate and support all service activities by intensifying efforts to increase the utilization of health services such as using JKN cards at Puskesmas.
Keywords: Disease Complaint, Income, Knowledge, National Health Insurance (NHI) Card, Officer Attitudes,
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